[Methods of nutritional assessment in chronic obstructive lung diseases]

A poor nutritional state is often encountered in the course of chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and worsens the prognosis. The methods used to assess nutritional status proposed in the literature vary greatly. We detail here the methods used in clinical practice and in research, describing results obtained in patients with COLD. Appropriate routine tests are discussed. Body weight should be followed in this population, but weight loss may be masked by sodium-water retention. Bioelectric impedancemetry or biphotonic absorptiometry are used to define body composition in patients with COLD. Lean mass can be measured with the creatinine/height index but is difficult in the ambulatory patient. Plasma levels of visceral proteins are often normal and do not appear to be useful markers in these patients. Immunology tests (delayed hypersensitivity, total lymphocyte counts) are not sensitive screening tests. An evaluation of skeletal muscle function using the walking test or an exercise test is recommended before starting a renutrition program and to evaluate its efficacy.