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Eccentric muscle action increases site-specific osteogenic response.

S A Hawkins1, E T Schroeder, R A Wiswell

  • 1Department of Exercise Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|September 16, 1999
PubMed
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Eccentric muscle training significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD) and lean mass more than concentric training. Eccentric exercise is more osteogenic and efficient, requiring less integrated electromyographic signal (IEMG) for greater force production.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Bone adaptation to mechanical loading is crucial for skeletal health.
  • Strain magnitude is a key factor in the osteogenic response to loading.
  • The specific role of muscle loading magnitude in bone adaptation remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contribution of muscle action load magnitude to the site-specific osteogenic response.
  • To compare the osteogenic effects of eccentric versus concentric muscle training.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty young women participated, with 12 in an exercise group and 8 as controls.
  • Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
  • Subjects underwent 18 weeks of eccentric or concentric knee extension/flexion training, with vastus lateralis muscle activity monitored via electromyography.

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Main Results:

  • Eccentric exercise yielded higher force production with lower integrated electromyographic signal (IEMG) compared to concentric exercise.
  • Both training types increased muscle strength similarly.
  • Only the eccentric-trained leg showed significant increases in mid-femur BMD and mid-thigh lean mass.

Conclusions:

  • Eccentric muscle training demonstrates a greater osteogenic effect than concentric training.
  • Eccentric training is more efficient, achieving higher force with reduced muscle activation (IEMG).
  • Load magnitude from eccentric muscle actions plays a significant role in site-specific bone adaptation.