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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
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Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
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Low Load With BFR vs. High Load Without BFR Eccentric Hamstring Training Have Similar Outcomes on Muscle Adaptation.

Malcolm J Jones1, Jesus F Dominguez, Clarizzah Macatugal

  • 1Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Clinical Exercise Research Center, University of Southern California, California.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|December 14, 2022
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Low-load blood flow restriction (BFR) training offers similar hamstring strength gains as high-load training. This study found BFR training may also reduce muscle swelling, suggesting it as an effective alternative for rehabilitation.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Developing eccentric hamstring strength is crucial for injury rehabilitation.
  • High-load resistance training (RT) is effective but may not be suitable initially.
  • Blood flow restriction (BFR) RT is a potential alternative, but its effects on hamstrings are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of low-load BFR eccentric lower extremity training (BFR-ELET) with traditional high-load eccentric lower extremity training (TRAD-ELET).
  • To assess outcomes including eccentric hamstring power, strength, lean mass, soreness, and muscle swelling.
  • To determine if BFR-ELET is a viable alternative to TRAD-ELET for hamstring adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • A crossover design study involving 40 healthy adults.
  • Participants underwent 6 weeks of biweekly training: BFR-ELET (30% 1RM with BFR) and TRAD-ELET (80% 1RM without BFR).
  • Outcomes were measured pre- and post-intervention.

Main Results:

  • Both BFR-ELET and TRAD-ELET led to significant improvements in strength and power, with no significant differences between groups.
  • Muscle swelling, measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, decreased significantly more with BFR-ELET compared to TRAD-ELET.
  • No significant differences were observed in lean mass or perceived soreness between the two training conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Low-load BFR eccentric lower extremity training is an effective alternative to traditional high-load training for enhancing hamstring strength.
  • BFR training may promote greater reductions in acute muscle swelling, potentially mediating strength gains.
  • These findings support the use of BFR-ELET in contexts where high-load RT is contraindicated or less practical.