Refined testing and targeted therapy lead new fight against prostate cancer. Interview by Wayne Kuznar

Prostate cancer screening and intervention remain controversial, despite significant strides in the detection and treatment of this common malignancy. False-positive results from the test for prostate specific antigen (PSA) lead to unnecessary workups and biopsies, as well as psychological stress for patients. Radial prostatectomy remains the most effective treatment for organ-confined cancer, yet many patients opt for the opt for the organ-sparing advantage of radiation therapy. Others may opt for unproven interventions such as cryoablation. Recently-developed tools designed for use with PSA testing are helping to improve screening accuracy in the lower tier of serum total PSA (2.5 to 10.0 ng/mL).