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The position and size of radiological nephrogram in Japanese preschool children
H Kayaba1, J Chihara, O Urayama
1Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Japan. kayaba@yukari.hos.akita-u.ac.jp
Insights
This study developed a kidney size and position nomogram for Japanese children. The nomogram aids in detecting kidney malpositions and monitoring chronic kidney diseases.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Radiology
- Pediatric Nephrology
Background:
- Early detection of pediatric retroperitoneal masses (e.g., neuroblastoma, Wilm's tumor) is crucial for prognosis.
- Kidney size and position anomalies can indicate underlying retroperitoneal lesions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To create a clinical nomogram for kidney size and position in Japanese preschool children.
- To establish reference data for pediatric kidney dimensions relative to the spine.
Main Methods:
- Plain abdominal X-rays were analyzed for 347 Japanese preschool children.
- Kidney size and position were measured, focusing on their relationship with the spine.
Main Results:
- An age-dependent kidney growth nomogram was established.
- Kidneys maintained a consistent ratio with the spine; upper pole-spine distance was <10 mm across age groups.
Conclusions:
- The developed nomogram aids in identifying pediatric kidney malpositions.
- It is valuable for monitoring children with chronic kidney diseases affecting renal growth.
Abstract:
The early detection of retroperitoneal masses in children, such as neuroblastoma, Wilm's tumor, hydronephrosis and cystic renal diseases, has a great clinical importance for the improvement of their prognosis. The kidney is often affected in its size or position by these lesions, and occasionally allows clinicians to find a clue to reach the correct diagnosis before the patient become symptomatic. Since we had no clinically available nomogram on the position and the size of the kidney in Japanese children, we measured the size and position of the kidneys on plain abdominal x-rays in 347 Japanese children in preschool years with a special attention to their relationship with the spine. As a result, the nomogram showed age dependent growth of the kidneys keeping almost the same ratio with the spine, while the distance between the upper pole of the kidney and the spine remained less than 10 mm in all age groups. Our nomogram may be useful not only for picking up the malposition of the kidneys but also for the follow up of the patients with chronic renal diseases affecting the growth of the kidneys.