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Luminal amino acids acutely decrease intestinal mucosal protein synthesis and protease mRNA in piglets.

O A Adegoke1, M I McBurney, S E Samuels

  • 1Department of Agricultural, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5 Canada.

The Journal of Nutrition
|September 28, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Luminal amino acids, not energy fuels, suppressed intestinal protein synthesis in piglets. This suggests nutrients may reduce intestinal protein breakdown to maintain nitrogen balance.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Parenteral nutrition negatively impacts nitrogen balance and intestinal protein synthesis.
  • Understanding luminal nutrient effects on intestinal mucosa is crucial for optimizing nutritional support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute effects of luminal amino acids and energy substrates on intestinal mucosal protein synthesis.
  • To determine if specific nutrients stimulate or suppress protein synthesis in the absence of systemic influences.

Main Methods:

  • Jejunal segments from piglets were perfused with saline, amino acids, glucose, or glutamine.
  • Protein synthesis was measured using L-[2,6-(3H)]-phenylalanine.
  • mRNA levels for components of the ATP-ubiquitin proteolytic pathway were assessed.

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Main Results:

  • Luminal energy substrates (glucose, etc.) did not affect mucosal protein synthesis.
  • Both amino acid mixture and glutamine suppressed protein synthesis by 20-25%.
  • Amino acids reduced mRNA levels of ubiquitin and proteasome components by 20-30%.

Conclusions:

  • Luminal amino acids, particularly glutamine, suppress intestinal protein synthesis.
  • This suppression may involve reduced protein degradation via the ATP-ubiquitin pathway.
  • Intestinal nutrient sensing regulates protein turnover, potentially optimizing nutrient allocation.