Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bidirectional Mendelian randomization to explore the causal relationships between body mass index and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2018
Same author

Pathways and mechanisms linking dietary components to cardiometabolic disease: thinking beyond calories.

Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·2018
Same author

New Pharmacogenomics Research Network: An Open Community Catalyzing Research and Translation in Precision Medicine.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·2017
Same author

Candidate-Gene Study of Functional Polymorphisms in SLCO1B1 and CYP3A4/5 and the Cholesterol-Lowering Response to Simvastatin.

Clinical and translational science·2017
Same author

Transcriptomic variation of pharmacogenes in multiple human tissues and lymphoblastoid cell lines.

The pharmacogenomics journal·2016
Same author

Triptans disrupt brain networks and promote stress-induced CSD-like responses in cortical and subcortical areas.

Journal of neurophysiology·2015
Same journal

Interleukin-6 stimulates platelet 12-lipoxygenase to drive coagulation in inflammatory arthritis.

Journal of lipid research·2026
Same journal

LIPA regulates myeloid differentiation and is essential for intra-plaque macrophage accumulation during atherogenesis.

Journal of lipid research·2026
Same journal

Hydrolysis and depletion of phosphatidylglycerol at peak murine acute lung injury.

Journal of lipid research·2026
Same journal

Multispecies transcriptome analysis identifies networks protecting against MASLD in Göttingen minipigs.

Journal of lipid research·2026
Same journal

HDL from patients with type 2 diabetes impairs endothelial function by inducing ferroptosis via nuclear receptor coactivator 4.

Journal of lipid research·2026
Same journal

Phospholipid Remodeling as a Key Regulator of Ferroptosis.

Journal of lipid research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy
09:37

Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy

Published on: August 15, 2014

Structural heterogeneity of apoB-containing serum lipoproteins visualized using cryo-electron microscopy.

R van Antwerpen1, M La Belle, E Navratilova

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

Journal of Lipid Research
|October 3, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cryo-electron microscopy revealed structural differences in human lipoproteins, including very low-density (VLDL), intermediate-density (IDL), and low-density (LDL) particles. These structural variations in LDL and IDL may impact their metabolic and pathological roles.

More Related Videos

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy
10:49

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: March 5, 2017

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation
06:47

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation

Published on: January 28, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy
09:37

Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy

Published on: August 15, 2014

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy
10:49

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: March 5, 2017

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation
06:47

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation

Published on: January 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Medical Science

Background:

  • Lipoprotein structure and heterogeneity are crucial for understanding cardiovascular disease.
  • Distinct lipoprotein profiles, such as large buoyant LDL (pattern A) versus small dense LDL (pattern B), have different clinical implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural characteristics of human very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles using cryo-electron microscopy.
  • To compare the structural heterogeneity of these lipoproteins in individuals with different LDL patterns (Pattern A vs. Pattern B).

Main Methods:

  • Cryo-electron microscopy was employed to analyze lipoprotein particles isolated from density gradient subfractions.
  • Lipoproteins from normolipidemic subjects with Pattern A (large, buoyant LDL) and Pattern B (small, dense LDL) were compared.

Main Results:

  • VLDL particles exhibited heterogeneity in size but were generally circular with even contrast.
  • LDL particles displayed diverse structures, including circular with a high-density ring or rectangular with two high-density bands, decreasing in size with increasing density.
  • IDL preparations contained particles resembling both VLDL and LDL, with heterogeneity observed within LDL-like IDL particles, irrespective of LDL pattern.

Conclusions:

  • The structural heterogeneity observed in apolipoprotein B-containing serum lipoproteins, particularly LDL and IDL, suggests compositional differences.
  • These structural variations may contribute to differing metabolic and pathological properties of these lipoproteins.