[Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma]

The lymphangioma is a rare disease, more frequently reported in children and just occasionally in the adult patient. The lymphangioma is considered a benign neoplasm of embryonic origin of the lymphatic vessels. Its habitual location is in the cervical and axillary area; it is rarely found in the abdominal cavity and exceptionally in the retroperitonio. In this latter location, the lesion habitually is asymptomatic. The clinical diagnosis of the retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma is not often due to its rarity and the absence of clinical expression. The size of the lesion is more important than its location to the symptomatology development. The findings of the abdominal ultrasonography and computerized tomography of the abdomen usually show a cystic lesion and its location. The treatment is surgical and it consists of the resection of the cyst or group of cysts once the liquid accumulation in its interior may be responsible for the development of some important complications of this disease. The cure is obtained when the lesion is completely resected also with the resection of eventual adhesive structures. The relapse may take place when the resection is incomplete. A case of retroperitoneal lymphangioma in a female adult patient as incidental finding of abdominal ultra-sonography is described. It is discussed the clinical picture, the radiologic diagnosis, the treatment and the prognostic of this unusual disease.