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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1alpha decrease the adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to cultured

G L Darmstadt1, P Fleckman, C E Rubens

  • 1Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|October 9, 1999
PubMed
Summary

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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) reduce bacterial adherence to skin cells. These cytokines may help prevent group A streptococcal skin infections by impeding bacterial entry.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Skin injury triggers the release of epidermal cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha).
  • Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) causes superficial skin infections like impetigo, often initiating on damaged skin.
  • Bacterial adherence to keratinocytes is a critical first step in skin infection development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha in modulating the adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to human keratinocytes.
  • To determine if these cytokines influence bacterial initiation of skin infections.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro study using human keratinocytes (both undifferentiated and differentiated).
  • Keratinocytes were exposed to varying concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Bacterial adherence assays were performed to quantify Streptococcus pyogenes binding to treated keratinocytes.

    • Main Results:

    • Exposure to TNF-alpha significantly decreased Streptococcus pyogenes adherence to both undifferentiated (33%) and differentiated (38%) keratinocytes.
    • Treatment with IL-1alpha reduced bacterial adherence to undifferentiated (23%) and differentiated (18%) keratinocytes.
    • Simultaneous exposure to both cytokines resulted in an additive 50% reduction in bacterial adherence.

    Conclusions:

    • TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha play a protective role in cutaneous host defense against Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • These cytokines impede bacterial adherence to skin, potentially reducing the initiation and spread of skin infections.
    • Targeting these cytokines could be a strategy for preventing or managing streptococcal skin infections.