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Pain measurement.

R H Gracely1

  • 1National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, USA.

Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
|October 16, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pain mechanisms change over time and are modulated by various factors. Opioids and NK1 antagonists show differential effects on acute versus persistent pain states, impacting central nervous system processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Pain mechanisms are complex and dynamic, evolving as pain persists.
  • The central nervous system plays a critical role in pain processing at multiple levels.
  • Understanding pain modulation is key to developing effective analgesics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on pain mechanisms and their modulation.
  • To examine the differential effects of analgesic agents on pain processing.
  • To highlight recent advances in understanding supraspinal pain processing in humans.

Main Methods:

  • Review of laboratory studies in humans and animals.
  • Analysis of experimental pain measures and analgesic agent effects.
  • Evaluation of neuroimaging techniques for supraspinal pain processing.

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Main Results:

  • Opioids preferentially attenuate central integration of prolonged stimuli; local anesthetics favor brief stimuli.
  • NK1 antagonists, blocking substance P, are effective in persistent pain states like post-surgical pain.
  • Persistent pain alters large diameter A beta touch afferent function, leading to allodynia.
  • Neuroimaging studies identify brain regions involved in pain processing and modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Pain processing involves dynamic mechanisms influenced by duration and type of stimuli.
  • Pharmacological agents like opioids and NK1 antagonists have specific roles in modulating pain.
  • Advances in neuroimaging provide insights into the neural basis of pain and its treatment.