Pressure oscillations in anesthetized dogs and its conversion into quasi-periodic orbits

Using a basic representation of dynamic systems, arterial blood pressure pulsation is converted into quasi-periodic orbits with the purpose of transforming a periodic phenomena into a cyclical one by plotting the pressure p(t) versus its first derivative dp/dt. This elementary mathematical procedure made it possible to evaluate the variability of the systemic arterial pressure pulsations, both systolic and diastolic, as well as the slope variability of the anachrotic and catachrotic phases. Two periods, which can be used to estimate different sources of variability, can be distinguished in the catachrotic phase. One corresponds to the open aortic valves, and the other is associated with the closed valves. Furthermore, through the first derivative of pressure oscillations we were able to identify small changes in arterial pressure, which appeared when the sampling rate was at least 150 samples per second. Since the time variable was converted into a parameter, the result was a synoptic or holistic approach, which is a considerable improvement for the visual analysis of cardiovascular phenomena. This simplified mathematical procedure can be easily implemented on a personal computer in real time and applied to all rhythmic phenomena in Physiology and Pathology.