[Pharmacologic and toxicologic results in genetic polymorphisms (review)]

Area of Science:

• Pharmacogenetics
• Molecular Toxicology
• Biochemistry

Context:

• Genetic polymorphism significantly impacts how individuals metabolize drugs and environmental toxins (xenobiotics).
• This variability influences both therapeutic drug efficacy and susceptibility to diseases like cancer.
• Enzymes such as cytochrome P-450, glutathione S-transferase, and N-acetyltransferase are key players in xenobiotic metabolism.

Purpose:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of genetic polymorphisms in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.
• To discuss the implications of these polymorphisms for drug therapy and disease risk.
• To highlight recent advancements in understanding the molecular basis of these genetic variations.

Summary:

• This review surveys the fundamental knowledge of genetic polymorphisms in enzymes responsible for drug and xenobiotic metabolism.
• It details how these polymorphisms lead to interindividual differences in drug response and susceptibility to neoplastic processes.
• The article covers advances in the molecular genetics of key enzymes and their pharmacotherapeutic relevance.

Impact:

• Facilitates a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolism.
• Informs personalized medicine approaches by predicting drug efficacy and adverse reactions.
• Aids in identifying individuals or subgroups susceptible to carcinogens, enabling targeted prevention strategies.