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We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).

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Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

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Published on: February 25, 2011

Social Security reform: evaluating current proposals. Latest results of the EBRI-SSASIM2 policy simulation model.

C Copeland, J VanDerhei, D L Salisbury

EBRI Issue Brief

|October 28, 1999

Summary

Social Security reform proposals vary in financial sustainability and retirement income outcomes. Individual accounts and equity investments present both opportunities and risks, with administrative costs significantly impacting benefits.

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Area of Science:

Social Sciences
Economics
Public Policy

Background:

The current Social Security program faces long-term financial unsustainability.
Numerous reform proposals aim to address these financial challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce the enhanced EBRI-SSASIM2 policy simulation model.
To quantitatively analyze specific Social Security reform proposals.
To evaluate the uncertainties associated with equity investments in reform plans.

Main Methods:

Comparison of legislative proposals (Gregg/Breaux-Kolbe/Stenholm, Moynihan/Kerrey) with traditional reforms (tax increases, benefit reductions, retirement age adjustments).
Analysis of 'carve-out' individual accounts funded by payroll taxes.
Examination of 'add-on' reforms using general revenue and equity investments.
Utilizing actual 401(k) participant allocation data for investment simulations.

Main Results:

Moynihan/Kerrey proposals show favorable benefit levels and payback ratios with individual accounts.
Gregg/Breaux-Kolbe/Stenholm proposals offer competitive payback ratios but less favorable benefit levels.
Administrative costs can reduce benefits by up to 23%; individual investment choices significantly impact retirement income.
Equity investments introduce potential for higher returns but also greater risk of adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:

Social Security reform requires careful consideration of individual account management, administrative costs, and investment strategies.
The choice between mandatory investment allocations and individual investment decisions significantly affects retirement income.
Equity-based reforms necessitate robust risk management due to potential return volatility.