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Infectious bronchitis virus S2 gene sequence variability may affect S1 subunit specific antibody binding.

S A Callison1, M W Jackwood, D A Hilt

  • 1Department of Avian Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.

Virus Genes
|December 14, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) S2 gene sequencing reveals serotype-specific conservation. Amino acid changes in the S2 subunit may influence S1 subunit conformation and antibody binding.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a significant avian pathogen.
  • The IBV spike glycoprotein, composed of S1 and S2 subunits, is crucial for viral entry and serotype determination.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of IBV serotypes is vital for vaccine development and disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic relatedness of IBV strains based on the S2 gene.
  • To determine if S2 gene sequences correlate with existing serotype classifications.
  • To explore the potential impact of S2 gene variations on the S1 subunit and its epitopes.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of the S2 gene from multiple IBV strains across Arkansas, Connecticut, and Florida serotypes.

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  • Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the S2 gene.
  • Secondary structure prediction analysis based on amino acid sequence differences.

    • Main Results:

    • Phylogenetic analysis of the S2 gene grouped IBV strains consistently with S1 gene-based groupings.
    • S2 subunits demonstrated conservation within serotypes but variability between serotypes.
    • Minor amino acid differences in the S2 subunit led to altered secondary structure predictions.
    • These structural changes suggest potential alterations in S1-S2 subunit interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • The S2 gene is conserved within IBV serotypes, supporting its utility in strain classification.
    • Variations in the S2 subunit, even minor ones, can influence S1 subunit structure.
    • The S2 subunit's structural changes may affect serotype-specific epitopes on the S1 subunit.
    • This interaction suggests a mechanism by which the S2 subunit could impact specific antibody binding to the IBV spike glycoprotein.