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Cow's milk enteropathy: surgical pitfalls
I E Willetts1, M Dalzell, J W Puntis
1Department of Paediatric Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, England.
Insights
Cow's milk enteropathy can cause significant intestinal bleeding and anemia in older children. A cow's milk-free diet effectively resolves symptoms, highlighting its importance in diagnosis and management.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Allergy and Immunology
- Clinical Nutrition
Background:
- Cow's milk-induced intestinal bleeding is a known cause of rectal bleeding in infants.
- Cow's milk enteropathy can manifest as overt rectal bleeding or anemia from occult intestinal bleeding in older children.
- This condition may present with histological abnormalities confined to the proximal colon.
Background:
Cow's milk-induced intestinal bleeding is a well-recognized cause of rectal bleeding in infancy. The authors report on 5 older children who presented with either visible rectal bleeding or profound anemia associated with occult intestinal bleeding secondary to cow's milk enteropathy.
Methods:
Five children (3 boys and 2 girls) aged between 20 months and 9 years were referred for further investigation of gastrointestinal bleeding. Two had been investigated previously on multiple occasions, and both had undergone laparotomies with negative results. Further investigations showed evidence of allergic colitis in 3 detected only on proximal colonic biopsy findings.
Results:
In all cases, bleeding resolved completely after instituting a cow's milk-free diet. Two of the patients subsequently have undergone a cow's milk challenge leading to prompt recurrence of symptoms, which again resolved after simple dietary manipulation.
Conclusions:
Cow's milk enteropathy may cause overt rectal bleeding or profound anemia from occult intestinal bleeding even in older children. Histological abnormalities in such cases may be confined to the proximal colon. After appropriate investigation, a trial of cow's milk exclusion should always be considered before laparotomy for obscure, chronic gastrointestinal bleeding in children.