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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
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Complex association patterns for inflammatory mediators in induced sputum from subjects with asthma.

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Responsiveness to oral prednisolone in severe asthma is related to the degree of eosinophilic airway inflammation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Cultivate Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells from Children and Reprogram into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Genetics of asthma.

D G Wiesch1, D A Meyers, E R Bleecker

  • 1Center for the Genetics of Asthma and Complex Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|November 7, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Asthma genetics and environmental factors are complex. Research is ongoing to identify susceptibility genes and understand gene-environment interactions for better prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Asthma presents a complex clinical phenotype, making precise definition challenging.
  • Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy serve as objective phenotypes for genetic and epidemiological research.
  • Identifying specific asthma genes remains an ongoing challenge despite significant progress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of asthma pathogenesis, focusing on genetic and environmental factors.
  • To highlight the difficulties in defining asthma phenotypes and linking environmental exposures to disease causation.
  • To emphasize the probable role of gene-environment interactions in asthma development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic studies identifying chromosomal regions associated with asthma susceptibility.

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Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy
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  • Analysis of epidemiological data implicating environmental factors such as smoking, diet, and infections.
  • Discussion of the challenges in establishing direct causal links between exposures and asthma.
  • Exploration of the concept of gene-environment interactions in asthma etiology.

    • Main Results:

    • Multiple genes are implicated in asthma pathogenesis, with several chromosomal regions showing replication across studies.
    • Environmental factors like smoking, diet, and viral infections are associated with asthma etiology.
    • Direct causal links between specific environmental exposures and asthma are difficult to establish.
    • Gene-environment interactions are probable and represent a significant area of current research.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding gene-environment interactions is crucial for advancing asthma research.
    • Identifying susceptible individuals earlier is a key goal for effective disease prevention.
    • Further research into the fundamental mechanisms of asthma development is needed for improved therapeutic and preventative strategies.