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Fate of

Kim-Kang1, Robinson, Wu

  • 1XenoBiotic Laboratories, Inc., 107 Morgan Lane, Plainsboro, New Jersey 08536.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|February 7, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigated apple residues after diphenylamine (DPA) treatment and storage. Findings show DPA and metabolites persist, primarily in peel, with conjugates found in pulp.

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Agricultural Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Diphenylamine (DPA) is used post-harvest on apples to prevent storage scald.
  • Understanding DPA residue fate and metabolism is crucial for food safety and regulatory assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature and magnitude of diphenylamine (DPA) residues in apples after treatment and extended cold storage.
  • To identify and quantify DPA and its metabolites in apple peel and pulp over a 40-week period.

Main Methods:

  • Apples were treated with radiolabeled [(14)C]diphenylamine (DPA) and stored at reduced temperatures.
  • Samples were collected at 16 intervals over 40 weeks for residue analysis.
  • Quantitative and qualitative analytical methods were employed for metabolite identification, including the use of deuterium-labeled DPA.

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Main Results:

  • Total radioactive residue levels remained constant throughout the 40-week storage period.
  • Unmetabolized DPA constituted the majority of residues, predominantly found in the apple peel.
  • Apple pulp contained significant levels of glycosyl conjugates of hydroxylated DPA metabolites, with a glucose conjugate of 4-hydroxydiphenylamine (4-OH-DPA) being the major polar metabolite.

Conclusions:

  • Diphenylamine (DPA) residues are stable in apples during long-term cold storage.
  • Metabolism of DPA in apples primarily occurs in the pulp, leading to the formation of hydroxylated derivatives and their glycosyl conjugates.
  • The distribution of DPA and its metabolites differs between peel and pulp, with implications for dietary exposure assessment.