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Do not snog the dog: infective endocarditis due to Capnocytophaga canimorsus

D L Ngaage1, K N Kotidis, J A Sandoe

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, West Yorkshire, UK.

Insights

A man developed prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Capnocytophaga canimorsus, a canine bacteria, after close contact with his dog. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for this rare but serious infection.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a severe complication following cardiac valve replacement surgery.
  • Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a rare but potentially fatal bacterium typically found in the mouths of dogs and cats.
  • Zoonotic transmission of Capnocytophaga canimorsus can lead to serious human infections.

Observation:

  • A 63-year-old male patient presented with symptoms suggestive of endocarditis.
  • The patient had a history of close contact with his pet dog, including oral contact.
  • Infective endocarditis was diagnosed, complicated by a paravalvular abscess.

Findings:

  • The causative agent was identified as Capnocytophaga canimorsus, a canine-associated bacterium.
  • The patient's condition mimicked culture-negative endocarditis, highlighting diagnostic challenges.
  • The infection involved both the prosthetic valve and the surrounding tissue, forming a paravalvular abscess.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the risk of zoonotic transmission of Capnocytophaga canimorsus from pets to humans.
  • High clinical suspicion and specialized diagnostic techniques are essential for identifying Capnocytophaga canimorsus in culture-negative endocarditis.
  • Prompt antibiotic therapy combined with surgical intervention (excision of the infected focus) is recommended for optimal patient outcomes.

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