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Apocrine secretion--fact or artifact?

G Aumüller1, B Wilhelm, J Seitz

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany.

Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft
|November 24, 1999
PubMed
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Apocrine secretion releases proteins via cytoplasmic blebs called aposomes, bypassing traditional pathways. This mechanism, observed in reproductive glands, involves unique protein modifications and transport systems.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Apocrine secretion is a specialized cellular extrusion process.
  • Its historical classification and terminology have been refined.
  • The coagulating gland of the male rat serves as a model for studying this mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the mechanisms of apocrine secretion.
  • To detail the role of the cytoskeleton in aposome formation.
  • To elucidate the structure and hormonal regulation of apocrine secretory proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the male rat coagulating gland as a model system.
  • Analyzed the biosynthesis, post-translational modifications, and intracellular transport of apocrine proteins.
  • Investigated the role of the cytoskeleton and albumin in apocrine secretion.

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Main Results:

  • Apocrine proteins are synthesized and modified in the cytoplasm without the Golgi apparatus or secretion granules.
  • Intracellular transport bypasses the endomembrane system.
  • Albumin acts as a carrier for apocrine-released proteins.
  • Apocrine proteins lack signal peptides, have N-terminal acetylation, unusual glycosylation, and may possess GPI anchors.

Conclusions:

  • Apocrine secretion is a valid extrusion mechanism for soluble and membrane-associated proteins.
  • This process is typically associated with sex- or reproductive-related glands.
  • Open questions remain regarding intracellular transport, secretion coordination, membrane protein biosynthesis, and cell pole repair.