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Breastfeeding and infant-mother interaction.
1Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. rolf.zetterstrom@acta-paediatrica.se
Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement
|November 24, 1999
Summary
Breastfeeding prevalence varies globally, with Sweden showing a significant decline and subsequent recovery due to policy changes and increased awareness. Supportive legislation and "baby-friendly" initiatives boosted breastfeeding rates.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Maternal and Child Health
- Global Health
Background:
- Breastfeeding prevalence exhibits significant global variation, with high rates in some regions (e.g., Scandinavia) and low rates in others (e.g., industrialized nations, urban developing areas).
- Sweden experienced a dramatic decline in breastfeeding from 95% in 1945 to 20% in 1972.
- Factors contributing to the decline included the availability of infant formula, increased female workforce participation, and insufficient promotion in healthcare settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the trends and influencing factors of breastfeeding prevalence, using Sweden as a case study.
- To understand the impact of societal changes, policy interventions, and healthcare initiatives on breastfeeding rates.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of breastfeeding prevalence data in Sweden over several decades.
- Identification and examination of socio-economic, legislative, and public health campaign factors influencing trends.
Main Results:
- Following the 1972 decline, breastfeeding prevalence in Sweden rose to approximately 80% by 1982, driven by increased maternal awareness and supportive policies.
- The implementation of paid parental leave (up to 12 months) and the WHO/UNICEF code on infant formula marketing played crucial roles.
- A further increase occurred between 1990 and 1998, partly attributed to the "baby-friendly" hospital initiative promoting exclusive breastfeeding immediately after birth.
Conclusions:
- Societal shifts, informed public health campaigns, and supportive legislation are critical for increasing and sustaining high breastfeeding rates.
- The Swedish experience demonstrates the effectiveness of comprehensive strategies, including policy changes and healthcare system adjustments, in reversing declining breastfeeding trends.
- The "baby-friendly" hospital initiative and extended paid parental leave are key interventions for promoting optimal infant feeding practices.