Photocrosslinkable chitosan as a biological adhesive

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Tissue Engineering

Background:

• Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer with potential applications in medicine.
• Developing effective and safe biological adhesives is crucial for soft tissue repair.
• Existing adhesives like fibrin glue have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize and characterize a photocrosslinkable chitosan (Az-CH-LA) for soft tissue adhesion.
• To evaluate the efficacy of Az-CH-LA as a biological adhesive compared to fibrin glue.
• To assess the biocompatibility and in vivo safety of Az-CH-LA.

Main Methods:

• Azide and lactose moieties were introduced into chitosan to create Az-CH-LA.
• Photocrosslinking of Az-CH-LA using UV irradiation to form a hydrogel.
• Adhesion strength and air-sealing capabilities were tested using ham, isolated tissues, and compared to fibrin glue.
• Cytotoxicity was assessed using human skin fibroblasts, coronary endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells.
• In vivo safety was evaluated in mice following gel implantation and solution administration.

Main Results:

• Az-CH-LA exhibited enhanced water solubility at neutral pH.
• UV irradiation rapidly formed an insoluble chitosan hydrogel adhesive.
• The chitosan hydrogel demonstrated firm adhesion comparable to fibrin glue at concentrations of 30-50 mg/mL.
• The hydrogel provided superior sealing of air leakage in various isolated tissues.
• No cytotoxicity was observed in vitro, and all mice survived long-term after in vivo testing.

Conclusions:

• Photocrosslinkable Az-CH-LA is a promising new biomaterial for soft tissue adhesion.
• Its performance rivals fibrin glue in strength and exceeds it in sealing efficacy.
• The material exhibits excellent biocompatibility and in vivo safety, supporting its potential medical use.