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Morphological Developmental Stability in Plants: Patterns and Causes.

Møller, Shykoff

    International Journal of Plant Sciences
    |November 26, 1999
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Developmental instability in plants, measured by asymmetry, is higher than in animals. Environmental and genetic factors significantly impact this asymmetry, affecting plant development.

    Area of Science:

    • Developmental biology
    • Plant morphology
    • Evolutionary biology

    Background:

    • Developmental instability (DI) is indicated by deviations from phenotypic regularity.
    • Measures of DI include fluctuating asymmetry, phenodeviants, and fractal dimensions.
    • Plants exhibit greater asymmetry than animals, with specific patterns related to organ size.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in plants.
    • To meta-analyze the effects of environmental and genetic factors on plant asymmetry.
    • To understand the mechanisms causing developmental instability in plants.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on plant asymmetry.
    • Meta-analysis of environmental factors (radiation, UV, pollutants, salinity, herbivory, competition).

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  • Meta-analysis of genetic factors (homozygosity, hybridization, mutation, genetic variation).

    • Main Results:

    • Plant asymmetry levels are considerably greater than in animals.
    • Leaf asymmetry increases with leaf size, while petal asymmetry decreases with petal size.
    • Environmental factors showed intermediate to large effects on asymmetry (10-25% variance).
    • Genetic factors showed variable but significant effects on asymmetry.

    Conclusions:

    • Developmental instability is a significant factor in plant development.
    • Environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in modulating plant asymmetry.
    • Further experimental studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of DI in plants.