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Peripheral retinal microaneurysms in chronic leukemia.

L M Jampol, M F Goldberg, B Busse

    American Journal of Ophthalmology
    |August 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Chronic leukemia can cause retinal microaneurysms, particularly in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Elevated white blood cell counts are linked to these vascular changes, though not all patients develop them.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Chronic leukemia, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), can affect various organ systems.
    • Ocular complications in leukemia are not fully understood, particularly concerning peripheral retinal vascular changes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the occurrence of peripheral retinal microaneurysms in patients with chronic leukemia.
    • To explore the relationship between leukocyte count and microaneurysm formation in leukemia patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical examination of 25 patients diagnosed with chronic leukemia (8 CLL, 17 CML).
    • Assessment for peripheral retinal microaneurysm formation and proliferative retinopathy.
    • Correlation of findings with leukocyte counts.

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    Main Results:

    • Peripheral retinal microaneurysms were observed in 2 of 8 (25%) patients with CLL and 6 of 17 (35%) patients with CML.
    • No cases of proliferative retinopathy were detected in any of the 25 patients.
    • An elevated leukocyte count appeared necessary for microaneurysm formation, but not all patients with high counts exhibited microaneurysms.

    Conclusions:

    • Leukemia-associated leukocytosis can lead to peripheral retinal microaneurysm formation.
    • Prolonged leukocytosis may cause peripheral capillary dropout and vascular stagnation, mimicking conditions like sickle cell retinopathy.
    • Further research is warranted to understand the full spectrum of ocular manifestations in chronic leukemia.