Measurement of cytogenetic endpoints in women environmentally exposed to air pollution

The levels of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), high-frequency cells (HFC) and chromosomal aberrations (CA) were studied in lymphocytes of Silesian women environmentally exposed to ambient air pollutants. Inhabitants of a less polluted but similarly urbanized area, in a rural region of Poland, served as controls. The study population was selected to minimize the major confounding factors influencing SCE and CA. These factors include age, gender, smoking status, and occupation. All donors were 35-46 years old non-smoking City Hall clerks. The levels of all three biomarkers were significantly higher in the exposed group than in controls as analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U-test. No correlation was found between levels of CA and SCE. Additional possible confounders, such as passive smoking, ex-smoking and X-ray chest examination did not influence the levels of biomarkers. This study builds upon our previous research in a male population but better controls for confounders. Thus, the results reveal genetic damage resulting from low-dose but chronic environmental exposure.