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Quantitative thermal perception testing in adults.

M J Hilz1, B Stemper, F B Axelrod

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society
|November 27, 1999
PubMed
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This study establishes reliable methods for measuring warm and cold perception thresholds in adults. Recommended parameters include a 32°C baseline temperature and a 1°C/s stimulus rate for accurate thermal sensory testing.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sensory Physiology

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of thermal perception thresholds is crucial for diagnosing neurological and dermatological conditions.
  • Standardized methods are needed to ensure reliable and reproducible thermal sensory testing across different individuals and sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish normative values for warm and cold perception thresholds in adults.
  • To evaluate the impact of different testing parameters (stimulus rate, thermode size) on threshold measurements.
  • To determine the influence of skin temperature and assess the reproducibility of the method.

Main Methods:

  • Normative warm and cold perception thresholds were assessed in 225 adults (aged 18-80 years) using the method of limits and a Thermotest device.
  • Testing was conducted at four distinct body sites: volar distal forearm, thenar eminence, lower medial calf, and lateral dorsal foot.

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  • Parameters varied included stimulus change rates (1°C/s and 3°C/s), thermode sizes (1.5cm x 2.5cm and 2.5cm x 5.0cm), and baseline temperature (32°C).

    • Main Results:

    • Thermal perception thresholds demonstrated sufficient accuracy and reproducibility.
    • Higher stimulus change rates (3°C/s) resulted in higher thresholds compared to slower rates (1°C/s).
    • Larger thermode probes yielded lower perception thresholds, indicating spatial summation effects.

    Conclusions:

    • A baseline temperature of 32°C and a stimulus change rate of 1°C/s are recommended for standardized thermal sensory testing.
    • Utilize larger thermode probes on body sites with flat skin contact for optimal results.
    • Pre-warming the skin is not necessary prior to thermotesting, simplifying the procedure.