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Overview of Electron Microscopy

Overview of Electron Microscopy

The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Overview of Microscopy Techniques

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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...

Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

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Related Experiment Video

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Visualization of Organelles In Situ by Cryo-STEM Tomography

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Single-bond formation and characterization with a scanning tunneling microscope

¹Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics and Cornell Center for Materials Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2501, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 27, 1999

Summary

Using a scanning tunneling microscope, scientists precisely bonded individual iron atoms with carbon monoxide molecules. This technique allows for the study of single-bond chemistry at the atomic level.

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Area of Science:

Surface science
Atomic manipulation
Chemical bonding

Background:

Studying chemical reactions at the single-molecule level is challenging.
Understanding atomic interactions is crucial for materials science and nanotechnology.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate controlled bond formation between individual atoms and molecules.
To analyze the structure and vibrational properties of single-molecule products.

Main Methods:

Utilized a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) for atomic manipulation.
Co-adsorbed iron (Fe) atoms and carbon monoxide (CO) molecules on a silver (110) surface at 13 K.
Transferred CO molecules to Fe atoms to form Fe(CO) and Fe(CO)(2).

Main Results:

Successfully formed single Fe(CO) and Fe(CO)(2) molecules.
Demonstrated controlled manipulation and bonding of individual atoms and molecules.
Enabled characterization of single-bond formation and vibrational properties.

Conclusions:

Controlled bond formation and characterization at the single-bond level probe chemistry at the spatial limit.
STM manipulation offers a pathway to study fundamental chemical processes at the atomic scale.
This work advances the field of atomic-level chemical synthesis and analysis.