[Diagnosis and virologic monitoring of HIV infection]

The new challenge of the diagnosis of HIV infection concerns the treatment since an early diagnosis permits to start antiretroviral therapy with the aim to block the evolution to aids. The virological diagnosis may be done easily using new sensitive and specific techniques. Using the test of detection of p24 antigenemia and HIV-RNA in plasma, it is easy to approach the diagnosis of primary infection. The tests for HIV viral load are now largely available and they must be systematically included in the follow-up of infected persons.