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Sickness and behaviour in animals: a motivational perspective.

A Aubert1

  • 1Université François Rabelais, Faculté des Sciences, Tours, France. aubert@univ-tours.fr

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|December 2, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Cytokines from the immune system reorganize behavior during illness, not just cause sickness. Sick individuals prioritize essential tasks before returning to recovery, demonstrating adaptive responses.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Proinflammatory cytokines are key mediators of the immune response.
  • Cytokines induce sickness behaviors like reduced appetite and social interest.
  • Previous understanding viewed these behaviors solely as consequences of illness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on cytokine-induced behavioral changes.
  • To explore if these changes reflect motivational reorganization rather than just illness degradation.
  • To characterize the biobehavioral actions of immune stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on cytokine effects on behavior.
  • Analysis of behavioral responses to environmental cues during sickness.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Synthesis of findings on sickness behavior and motivational shifts.

    • Main Results:

    • Cytokine-induced behaviors represent a motivational reorganization, not just a degraded state.
    • Sick individuals can interrupt sickness behavior to address relevant environmental cues (e.g., offspring, nest material).
    • Specific goal-directed actions (pup retrieval, nest building) are performed before returning to recuperative behavior.

    Conclusions:

    • Cytokine effects on behavior are adaptive and involve prioritizing essential tasks.
    • Understanding these biobehavioral actions opens new avenues for studying immune-behavior interactions.
    • This research reframes sickness behavior as a dynamic, responsive state.