Hybrid Weakness in Phaseolus vulgaris L. I. Disruption of Development and Hormonal Allocation

A reduced concentration of cytokinins may cause the abnormal growth and development found in F1 hybrids between Andean and Mesoamerican races of Phaseolus vulgaris L. In this study, concentrations of the transportable cytokinin zeatin riboside (ZR) were measured by ELISA for ZR (cross reactivities dihydrozeatin, 14%, zeatin 7.6%) in roots, stems, and leaves of a Phaseolus Mesoamerican landrace (P. vulgaris L. cv. Redkloud), an Andean landrace (P. vulgaris L. cv. Batt), and their F1 hybrids. Concentrations of ZR in roots and leaves of F1 hybrids were significantly less than that found in roots and leaves of parental cultivars. Approximately 90% of the ZR found in F1 hybrids was found sequestered in the stems, whereas cytokinins of the parental cultivars were distributed throughout the plant (roots: Batt 37%, Redkloud, 44%; stems: Batt 35%, Redkloud 42%; leaves: Batt 28%, Redkloud 14%). These results suggest that abnormal growth and development of F1 hybrids may involve interruption of the regulation of cytokinin allocation, thereby disrupting the root-shoot feedback loop between root-sourced cytokinins and putative shoot-produced factors.