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Melasma.

Y C Kauh1, T F Zachian

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA. ytkauh@msn.com

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 22, 1999
PubMed
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This study found that a combination of tretinoin cream and hydroquinone lotion significantly improved melasma in Korean women within five months. The treatment reduced hyperpigmentation and improved solar damage with minimal side effects.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cosmetic Science
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Melasma is a common facial hyperpigmentation disorder, predominantly affecting women.
  • Etiology involves genetics, sun exposure, hormones, cosmetics, and race.
  • Common clinical patterns include centrofacial, malar, and mandibular presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of all trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin) cream 0.1% and hydroquinone lotion 3% in treating melasma.
  • To assess histopathological changes and side effects in Korean women with melasma.

Main Methods:

  • Open-label clinical trial involving Korean women with melasma.
  • Treatment regimen: tretinoin cream 0.1% nightly and hydroquinone lotion 3% daily.
  • Wood's light examination and histopathologic analysis of skin biopsies before and after treatment.

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Main Results:

  • Significant improvement in melasma observed within 5 months.
  • Histopathology showed decreased epidermal pigmentation and improved dermal solar damage.
  • Most patients had epidermal or mixed melasma types; no purely dermal or inapparent types were noted.

Conclusions:

  • A combination therapy of tretinoin and hydroquinone demonstrates a synergistic mechanism for melasma improvement.
  • The treatment is effective in reducing hyperpigmentation and improving associated dermal damage.
  • The regimen is well-tolerated with few side effects in the studied population.