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Practical methods for detection of nitric oxide.

T Nagano1

  • 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. tlong@mol.f.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Luminescence : the Journal of Biological and Chemical Luminescence
|December 22, 1999
PubMed
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Detecting nitric oxide (NO), produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is challenging due to its short half-life. This review covers practical methods for NO detection and bioimaging in living cells and tissues.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Physiology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial signaling molecule synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
  • Two main isoforms, constitutive NOS (cNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS), differ in expression, activation, and NO production levels.
  • cNOS requires calcium and calmodulin, is expressed in neurons and endothelial cells, and produces low NO levels.
  • iNOS is induced by endotoxins and generates large amounts of NO.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review practical methods for detecting nitric oxide (NO).
  • To address the challenge of detecting low NO levels from constitutive NOS (cNOS).
  • To discuss techniques for the bioimaging of NO in living cells and cultured tissues.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of established and emerging techniques for NO detection.
  • Focus on methods suitable for in situ detection, overcoming NO's short half-life.
  • Evaluation of techniques for quantifying NO from both cNOS and iNOS.
  • Consideration of bioimaging approaches for visualizing NO dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Existing detection methods are often insufficient for low-level NO from cNOS.
  • The short half-life of NO complicates direct in situ measurement.
  • Novel and practical methods are needed for accurate NO quantification and imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate detection and bioimaging of NO are essential for understanding its physiological and pathophysiological roles.
  • This review provides a practical guide to NO detection methodologies.
  • The discussed methods aim to improve the sensitivity and applicability of NO measurements in biological systems.