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Effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for preschool-age children with chronic disease
A E Fiore1, O S Levine, J A Elliott
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. abf4@cdc.gov
Insights
The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine showed 63% effectiveness against vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease in children. It demonstrated higher 94% effectiveness against serotypes not included in a proposed protein conjugate vaccine.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric infectious diseases
- Vaccinology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) is used to prevent invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).
- Understanding vaccine effectiveness is crucial for public health strategies.
- Surveillance data provides insights into vaccine performance in real-world settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the effectiveness of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) in children aged 2-5 years.
- To evaluate vaccine efficacy against specific pneumococcal serotypes.
Main Methods:
- Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from the Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance System (1984-1996).
- Comparison of disease incidence between vaccinated (n=48) and unvaccinated (n=125) children.
- Calculation of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against vaccine-type IPD.
Main Results:
- Overall VE against IPD caused by vaccine serotypes was 63%.
- VE against serotypes in PPSV but not in a proposed 7-valent protein conjugate vaccine was 94%.
- This suggests significant protection conferred by PPSV, particularly against specific serotypes.
Conclusions:
- The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine provides moderate effectiveness against invasive pneumococcal disease in young children.
- Higher effectiveness was observed against serotypes targeted by the PPSV but not by a newer conjugate vaccine formulation.
- These findings support the role of PPSV in IPD prevention and inform vaccine development strategies.
Abstract:
To estimate the effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, we serotyped isolates submitted to the Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance System from 1984 to 1996 from 48 vaccinated and 125 unvaccinated children 2 to 5 years of age. Effectiveness against invasive disease caused by serotypes included in the vaccine was 63%. Effectiveness against serotypes in the polysaccharide vaccine but not in a proposed seven-valent protein conjugate vaccine was 94%.