Polyurethane blended with polylactides for improved cell adhesion and reduced platelet activation

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Polyurethane (PU) is widely used in biomedical devices, but its biocompatibility can be limited.
• Biodegradable polymers like poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) offer potential for improved biological interactions.
• Combining PU with polylactides may enhance material properties for specific medical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of blending polyurethane with PLLA and PLGA on material properties and cellular interactions.
• To evaluate the potential of these blends as substrates for cardiovascular applications.

Main Methods:

• Polyurethane (Pellethane 2103-80A) was blended with PLLA or PLGA using a mutual solvent technique.
• Porous matrices were prepared via salt casting.
• Mechanical properties were measured.
• Surface elemental composition was analyzed using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA).
• Cell attachment and growth (fibroblasts, endothelial cells) were assessed via cell culture.
• Platelet adhesion and activation were studied in vitro.

Main Results:

• Blending PU with PLLA or PLGA enhanced fibroblast and endothelial cell attachment and growth.
• The enhanced cellular response correlated with a higher oxygen/carbon (O/C) atomic ratio on the blend surfaces.
• Both PLLA and PLGA blends significantly decreased platelet adhesion and activation compared to pure PU.
• The porous matrices exhibited favorable mechanical properties.

Conclusions:

• Polyurethane/polylactide blends demonstrate improved biocompatibility, including enhanced cellular integration and reduced thrombogenicity.
• The modified surface chemistry, particularly the O/C ratio, plays a key role in the observed biological enhancements.
• These PU/polylactide blends represent promising biomaterials for developing advanced cardiovascular devices.