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Class 1 integrons, gene cassettes, mobility, and epidemiology
1Eijkman-Winkler Institute, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands. A.C.Fluit@lab.azu.nl
Summary
Integrons are mobile genetic elements that capture antibiotic resistance genes, contributing to multidrug resistance. Their widespread presence in bacteria highlights their role in the global spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Integrons are genetic platforms that capture and mobilize gene cassettes.
- Gene cassettes frequently encode antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases.
- Integrons can accumulate multiple gene cassettes, leading to multidrug resistance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the versatility of integrons.
- To highlight the mobility and gene-collecting capabilities of integrons.
- To discuss the role of integrons in the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of integron research.
- Analysis of reported integron distribution and characteristics.
- Examination of gene cassette content and expression.
Main Results:
- Integrons are widespread across bacterial species, including Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
- Multiple integrons and gene cassettes per integron contribute to multiresistance.
- Integrons are frequently associated with mobile genetic elements like plasmids and transposons.
Conclusions:
- Integrons are significant drivers of antibiotic resistance dissemination.
- The mobility and gene-capturing ability of integrons make them a versatile threat.
- Understanding integrons is crucial for combating antimicrobial resistance in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.