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Antigen presentation by parenchymal cells: a route to peripheral tolerance?
F M Marelli-Berg1, R I Lechler
1Department of Immunology, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK.
Immunological Reviews
|January 13, 2000
Summary
Antigen presentation by parenchymal cells, even without B7 co-stimulation, is crucial for T-cell responses and peripheral tolerance. This review examines its role in immune function and self-tolerance.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- T-cell activation requires two signals: TCR engagement and co-stimulation via CD28-B7 interactions.
- The role of antigen presentation by B7-deficient parenchymal cells (epithelial, endothelial) expressing MHC class II during inflammation is debated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically review conflicting reports on antigen presentation by epithelial and endothelial cells to T cells.
- To present a model summarizing findings on the functional effects of parenchymal antigen presentation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of in vitro and in vivo studies.
- Synthesis of existing data and presentation of a novel model.
Main Results:
- Antigen presentation by parenchymal cells can occur independently of B7 co-stimulation.
- Conflicting data exists regarding the functional outcomes of such presentation.
Conclusions:
- Parenchymal antigen presentation plays a significant role in inducing and maintaining peripheral tolerance.
- A model is proposed to explain the functional consequences of antigen presentation by non-professional antigen-presenting cells.