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Related Concept Videos

Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
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Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
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Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

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Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
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Updated: May 1, 2026

Cultivation of Heligmosomoides Polygyrus: An Immunomodulatory Nematode Parasite and its Secreted Products
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Eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

K J Kelly1

  • 1St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, M. C. P. Hahnemann School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19134, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
|January 14, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, a food-related gastrointestinal disorder, lacks standardized diagnostic criteria. This review explores its history, symptoms, and proposes a new classification system based on age, symptoms, and affected GI region.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a complex food-related gastrointestinal disorder.
  • Diagnosis lacks standardized criteria, leading to varied approaches in clinical practice.

Observation:

  • Common symptoms are reviewed, but diagnostic criteria vary widely in published literature.
  • No consistent immunologic abnormalities are associated with eosinophilic gastroenteritis.
  • Historical evolution of proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms is discussed.

Findings:

  • Difficulties in prospective studies include establishing control populations and linking immunohistochemical findings to symptoms.
  • A new classification system for food-related gastrointestinal hypersensitivity is proposed.
  • Key variables for classification include age, symptoms, and gastrointestinal region affected.

Implications:

  • Refocusing investigative efforts is recommended for better understanding and management.
  • Standardized diagnostic criteria are crucial for accurate diagnosis and research.
  • Further research is needed to clarify pathophysiologic mechanisms and diagnostic markers.