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Proteinases in developing dental enamel.

J D Bartlett1, J P Simmer

  • 1Department of Biomineralization, Forsyth Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine : an Official Publication of the American Association of Oral Biologists
|January 14, 2000
PubMed
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It is time to move on.....

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Proteinases are crucial for dental enamel development, aiding in the activation and degradation of enamel matrix proteins. Key enzymes like enamelysin (MMP-20) and enamel matrix serine proteinase-1 (EMSP1) have been identified, playing vital roles in early and maturation stages.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Developmental Biology
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Proteinases have been known to exist in developing dental enamel for nearly 30 years.
  • Their identification and characterization are challenging due to low quantities and purification difficulties.
  • Enamel matrix proteins (amelogenin, ameloblastin, enamelin) are cleaved post-secretion, with distinct protein forms in different enamel layers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize proteinases involved in dental enamel development.
  • To understand the functional roles of proteinases in enamel matrix protein processing.
  • To investigate specific enzymes like enamelysin (MMP-20) and EMSP1 in enamel formation.

Main Methods:

  • Cloning of novel proteinases from tooth tissues and enamel organ epithelia.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Localization studies of identified proteinases within developing enamel.
  • Biochemical assays using recombinant proteins to assess enzymatic activity on enamel matrix proteins.

    • Main Results:

    • A novel matrix metalloproteinase, enamelysin (MMP-20), was identified and localized to early enamel, effectively cleaving amelogenin.
    • A novel serine proteinase, enamel matrix serine proteinase-1 (EMSP1), was identified in maturation stage enamel.
    • Enamelysin (MMP-20) is implicated in early enamel development, while EMSP1 may function in protein degradation during maturation.

    Conclusions:

    • Enamelysin (MMP-20) is a key enzyme for processing enamel matrix proteins during early development.
    • EMSP1 is likely involved in the degradation of enamel proteins during the maturation stage.
    • Further research is needed to identify additional proteinases and inhibitors in developing enamel.