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Imprinting

Imprinting

Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Windowing Chicken Eggs for Developmental Studies

Windowing Chicken Eggs for Developmental Studies

Published on: October 1, 2007

Light exposure of chick embryo influences lateralized recall of imprinting memory.

A N Johnston¹, L J Rogers

¹School of Biological Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. A.N.B.Johnston@open.ac.uk

Behavioral Neuroscience

|January 15, 2000

Summary

Environmental light exposure before hatching determines brain hemisphere dominance for imprinting memory recall in chicks. This visual input shapes which side of the brain processes and remembers visual imprinting stimuli.

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Windowing Chicken Eggs for Developmental Studies

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Published on: October 1, 2007

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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

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Published on: April 28, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Animal Behavior

Background:

Environmental cues, like light, influence brain lateralization in birds.
Lateralization affects visually guided behaviors and memory processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how light exposure during incubation affects lateralized imprinting memory recall in chicks.
To determine the role of specific brain hemispheres in memory recall based on prior visual stimulation.

Main Methods:

Chicks had one eye occluded and the other exposed to light for 24 hours on Day E19 of incubation.
Imprinting was followed by testing memory recall after glutamate injection into either brain hemisphere.
Glutamate selectively affects neuronal activity, allowing hemisphere-specific memory recall assessment.

Main Results:

Chicks with right eye light exposure showed imprinting memory recall linked to the left hemisphere.
Chicks with left eye light exposure showed imprinting memory recall linked to the right hemisphere.
The hemisphere ipsilateral to the light-exposed eye became crucial for imprinting memory recall.

Conclusions:

Asymmetrical light input during incubation establishes brain hemisphere specialization for imprinting memory.
Environmental stimulation before hatching dictates the neural pathways for visual memory recall.
This demonstrates a direct link between early visual experience and brain lateralization for memory.