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Attention, automaticity, and affective disorder.

G Matthews1, A Wells

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA. matthegd@email.uc.edu

Behavior Modification
|January 21, 2000
PubMed
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Attentional bias in affective disorders may be strategic, not automatic. The Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model explains how coping strategies influence attention, impacting rumination and worry in clinical conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Attentional bias is a key feature in affective disorders and anxiety.
  • Previous research often conceptualized attentional bias as automatic.
  • Methodological challenges exist in demonstrating the automaticity of attentional bias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss potential mechanisms underlying attentional bias in affective disorders.
  • To explore the role of strategic processes versus automaticity in attentional bias.
  • To present the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model as a framework for understanding emotion and attention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing empirical and simulation evidence.
  • Conceptual analysis of attentional control mechanisms.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Application of the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence suggests attentional bias is predominantly strategic, not automatic.
    • Strategic bias is influenced by coping strategies, appraisal, metacognition, memory access, and self-focus.
    • Clinical disorders involve a loss of adaptability, leading to perseverative rumination and threat monitoring.

    Conclusions:

    • The S-REF model provides a framework for understanding the interaction of emotion and attention.
    • Clinical disorders are characterized by maladaptive attentional control patterns.
    • Interventions targeting attentional control hold therapeutic potential for affective disorders.