Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 17, 2026

An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins
Published on: June 26, 2018
Synaptotagmin IV is present at the Golgi and distal parts of neurites
1Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Brain Science Institute, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama, Japan.
Abstract:
Synaptotagmin IV (SytIV) is an immediate early gene induced by membrane depolarization in PC12 cells and in rat brain. However, little is known about the function of SytIV or the functional relationship between SytIV and SytI, because SytIV has yet to be localized. Here we show that SytIV was localized at the Golgi and distal part of neurites in nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells and cultured hippocampal neurons by immunocytochemistry using an isoform-specific antibody (anti-SytIV). These SytIV signals were not colocalized well with SytI signals. Upon membrane depolarization, SytIV signals were increased at both the Golgi and distal part of neurites within several hours in both types of cells. We further show that the increase of SytIV protein levels results from protein kinase A-dependent gene up-regulation. In hippocampal neurons, SytIV was developmentally regulated. These results suggest that SytIV may play a role at the Golgi and tips of neurites during development and synaptic plasticity.
Related Concept Videos
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
Golgi Matrix Proteins
One of the first identified Golgi matrix proteins was GM130, a rod-like protein located in the cis-Golgi. Subsequently, many Golgi...
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
Transport Across the Golgi
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
