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Frostbite: pathogenesis and treatment
J V Murphy1, P E Banwell, A H Roberts
1Burns and Reconstructive Surgery Research Trust, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, United Kingdom.
The Journal of Trauma
|January 27, 2000
Summary
Civilian frostbite is increasing, requiring physician awareness. Understanding risk factors and new treatments, including advanced imaging and therapies, improves cold injury management.
Area of Science:
- Medicine
- Emergency Medicine
- Dermatology
Background:
- Frostbite is shifting from a military concern to a prevalent civilian health issue.
- Epidemiological studies reveal key risk factors for civilian cold injuries.
- Pathophysiological research highlights similarities between frostbite, thermal burns, and ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Purpose of the Study:
- To inform civilian physicians about the growing scope of frostbite care.
- To review current understanding of frostbite epidemiology and pathophysiology.
- To discuss evolving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cold injuries.
Main Methods:
- Review of epidemiological data on civilian frostbite.
- Analysis of research on frostbite pathophysiology and inflammatory processes.
- Evaluation of current and emerging treatment modalities, including surgical and adjunctive therapies.
Main Results:
- Civilian frostbite incidence is rising, necessitating broader clinical recognition.
- Identified risk factors aid in diagnosing and managing cold injuries.
- Understanding inflammatory pathways informs active medical treatment, involving thromboxanes and prostaglandins.
Conclusions:
- Civilian physicians must be prepared to manage frostbite cases.
- Advances in radiologic assessment may allow for earlier surgical intervention.
- Emerging adjunctive therapies offer new possibilities for frostbite wound management.