Cost-effectiveness of screening patients for hepatitis C

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Hepatology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• An estimated 4 million people in the US are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), with about 50% unaware of their status.
• High incidence and recent therapeutic advancements in HCV treatment necessitate effective screening strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the benefits, drawbacks, and cost-effectiveness of public health screening for hepatitis C.
• To discuss various strategies for identifying individuals infected with HCV.
• To highlight the importance of early detection and improved treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on hepatitis C screening guidelines and cost-effectiveness.
• Analysis of the availability, sensitivity, and cost of anti-HCV antibody testing.
• Discussion of current and emerging treatment options, including interferons and ribavirin.
• Examination of lifestyle modifications and vaccination strategies for prevention and risk reduction.

Main Results:

• Anti-HCV antibody testing is widely available, automated, sensitive (>95%), and relatively inexpensive (~$80 per test).
• Improved therapies (interferons, ribavirin) have enhanced treatment effectiveness.
• Early detection facilitates patient and family education, increasing public awareness and prevention efforts.
• National guidelines recommend screening high-risk populations, including those with a history of blood transfusions and intravenous drug users.

Conclusions:

• Hepatitis C screening programs are likely to be beneficial for patients, families, and the public.
• Targeted screening and improved treatment outcomes are expected to demonstrate cost-effectiveness.
• Public awareness and prevention efforts can be enhanced through early detection and education.