Keratinocyte growth factor enhances early gut adaptation in a rat model of short bowel syndrome

To evaluate the effects of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) on intestinal adaptation after resection of 85% of the small intestine and consider its potential application in short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Experimental study using a known model of SBS.

Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats.

Four groups of animals were designated. Two groups underwent 85% resection of the small intestine, while the other two groups were sham-operated, undergoing transection and reanastomosis. Resected and sham-operated groups then received either 3 mg/kg KGF or vehicle subcutaneously daily for 3 days. Gut adaptation was evaluated by measurements of mucosal cellularity and biochemical activity in duodenal, jejunal, and ileal segments.

Significant small intestinal growth after bowel resection alone was confirmed in resected versus sham-operated rats. KGF further augmented this growth in the resected animals. Mucosal wet weight of the small intestine increased with resection and was further increased (by 20% or more) with KGF administration. Mucosal thickness, villus length, and crypt depth exhibited similar patterns of response. The KGF-induced increase in mucosal morphology was accompanied by increased mucosal DNA and protein content, followed by a trend toward increased mucosal enzyme activity. Histology demonstrated an increase in goblet cells in KGF-treated animals. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that KGF markedly increased mucosal expression of intestinal trefoil protein (ITF) mRNA.

KGF enhances gut growth, differentiation, and gene regulation during adaptation in rat small intestine after massive resection.

KGF may be beneficial in the management of veterinary and human patients undergoing massive intestinal resection.