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Related Experiment Videos

Functional frontalisation with age: mapping neurodevelopmental trajectories with fMRI.

K Rubia1, S Overmeyer, E Taylor

  • 1Institute of Psychiatry (King's College), University of London, UK. k.rubia@iop.kcl.ac.uk

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|February 2, 2000
PubMed
Summary

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Delayed brain maturation in adolescents with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may explain hypofrontality. This study used fMRI to compare brain activity in adolescents and adults, finding age-related differences in frontal cortex activation during executive tasks.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Previous research indicated hypofrontality in adolescents with ADHD during executive functioning.
  • The cause of this hypofrontality, particularly in relation to frontal cortex maturation, remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if hypofrontality in adolescents with ADHD is linked to delayed frontal cortex maturation.
  • To examine age-related differences in brain activation during executive function tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activation in 17 healthy subjects (9 adolescents, 8 adults).
  • Participants performed motor response inhibition and motor timing tasks.
  • Statistical analyses (ANOVA, regression) were employed to assess the effect of age on brain activation.

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Main Results:

  • Adults showed superior performance in the delay task, correlated with increased activation in prefrontal, parietal, and putamen regions.
  • Adolescents and adults utilized different neural pathways for comparable performance in the stop task.
  • Significant age-related effects were observed in prefrontal cortex activation for both tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the hypothesis of a dysmaturational pathogenesis for hypofrontality in ADHD.
  • Delayed maturation of the prefrontal cortex may contribute to executive function deficits in adolescents with ADHD.