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Facial asymmetry: three-dimensional analysis using laser surface scanning.

K F O'Grady1, O M Antonyshyn

  • 1Division of Plastic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|February 2, 2000
PubMed
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This study compares six methods for quantifying 3D facial asymmetry. Landmark analysis and Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA) proved accurate for facial asymmetry measurement.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Anthropometry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Facial asymmetry presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Accurate quantitative description of 3D facial asymmetry is crucial for clinical assessment.
  • Existing methods may lack precision or comprehensive analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare six distinct techniques for quantifying three-dimensional (3D) facial asymmetry.
  • To validate these techniques using anthropometric models and assess their reliability.
  • To determine the most effective methods for analyzing facial asymmetry in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Acquisition of 3D facial images using a Cyberware 3030RGB laser surface scanner.
  • Development and application of six asymmetry analysis techniques: landmark location, Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA), lower ciliary margin/palpebral fissure measurement, clearance vector mapping, and asymmetry volume determination.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Validation using perfectly symmetrical and unilaterally augmented plaster head models, assessing intraobserver and interobserver reliability.

    • Main Results:

    • Landmark asymmetry location determination is accurate to within 2 mm in all Cartesian directions.
    • EDMA effectively describes size and shape changes in specific facial regions.
    • Lower ciliary margin and palpebral fissure measurements are reliable.
    • Clearance vector mapping excels in quantifying asymmetry in landmark-scarce areas.
    • Asymmetry volume determination shows potential for guiding volumetric corrections.

    Conclusions:

    • Multiple quantitative techniques exist for 3D facial asymmetry analysis, each with specific strengths.
    • Landmark analysis and EDMA offer high accuracy for defined facial features.
    • Clearance vector mapping and asymmetry volume are valuable for broader surface and volumetric assessments.
    • The choice of technique depends on the specific clinical question and facial region of interest.