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Hypercalcemia in a dog: a challenging case.

C R Rohrer1, L A Phillips, S L Ford

  • 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0126, USA.

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association
|February 10, 2000
PubMed
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Persistent hypercalcemia in dogs can be caused by the parasitic infection Heterobilharzia americana, not just cancer. A fecal exam is crucial for diagnosing this treatable cause of hypercalcemia in endemic regions.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Parasitology
  • Canine Health

Background:

  • Persistent hypercalcemia is a complex clinical sign in dogs, often leading to extensive diagnostic workups.
  • Differential diagnoses for hypercalcemia typically include neoplasia, primary hyperparathyroidism, and renal disease.

Observation:

  • An 18-month-old spayed female mixed-breed dog presented with persistent hypercalcemia.
  • Initial diagnostics were inconclusive, leading to a presumptive diagnosis of occult lymphosarcoma (LSA).
  • The dog was euthanized, and necropsy revealed infection with Heterobilharzia americana.

Findings:

  • The definitive diagnosis at necropsy was schistosomiasis caused by Heterobilharzia americana.
  • This parasitic infection was the underlying cause of the persistent hypercalcemia in this case.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Lymphosarcoma was initially suspected but not confirmed.

    • Implications:

    • Schistosomiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for canine hypercalcemia, especially in endemic areas.
    • A fecal examination is recommended for all dogs presenting with unexplained hypercalcemia.
    • Early diagnosis of Heterobilharzia americana infection can prevent unnecessary euthanasia and allow for appropriate treatment.