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The effects of time pressure on arithmetic performance.

J S Kellogg1, D R Hopko, M H Ashcraft

  • 1Cleveland State University, Ohio, USA.

Journal of Anxiety Disorders
|February 25, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Time pressure does not solely explain math anxiety's impact on performance. While timing affected all participants, it did not disproportionately hinder those with high math anxiety.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Math anxiety is linked to poorer arithmetic performance, especially on complex problems.
  • Processing efficiency theory suggests worry consumes working memory in anxious individuals.
  • The specific nature of worry in math anxiety remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if time pressure contributes to worry and performance deficits in math anxiety.
  • To test the hypothesis that time pressure exacerbates math anxiety's effects.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty participants completed arithmetic tasks under timed and untimed conditions.
  • Participants were assessed for math anxiety levels.
  • Performance on arithmetic problems of varying complexity was measured.

Main Results:

  • Time pressure negatively impacted arithmetic performance for all participants, regardless of anxiety level.
  • No significant difference was found in how time pressure affected high versus low math-anxious groups.
  • Anxiety groups were not differentially affected by the timing manipulation.

Conclusions:

  • Time pressure alone does not appear to be the primary factor driving performance deficits in math anxiety.
  • Further research is needed to identify other variables contributing to worry in math-anxious individuals.
  • The precise nature of worry disrupting performance in math anxiety requires further investigation.

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