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Related Experiment Videos

Wakes and spokes: new motion-induced brightness illusions.

A O Holcombe1, S L Macknik, J Intriligator

  • 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. holcombe@wjh.harvard.edu

Perception
|March 1, 2000
PubMed
Summary

High-contrast moving objects create illusory "wakes" and "spokes." These visual phenomena, distinct in their behavior, offer new insights into human motion and brightness perception.

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Area of Science:

  • Visual perception
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • High-contrast moving figures can induce illusory visual phenomena.
  • Novel adjacent regions, termed 'wakes' and 'spokes,' exhibit opposite contrast polarity to the inducing figures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the properties of novel visual illusions: 'wakes' and 'spokes.'
  • To investigate the characteristics and constraints of these illusions on theories of human motion and brightness perception.

Main Methods:

  • Observation and documentation of illusory phenomena induced by moving bars.
  • Experimental manipulation of bar position, direction, velocity, and intervening figures.

Main Results:

  • 'Spokes' appear on the side of a moving bar nearest fixation, connecting to it without crossing.

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  • 'Wakes' emanate from the side farthest from fixation, trailing the bar's movement.
  • Wake trailing distance increases with bar velocity, suggesting edge-based spread.

    • Conclusions:

    • 'Wakes' and 'spokes' are distinct illusions with unique properties.
    • These illusions provide significant constraints for theories of human motion and brightness perception.