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IL-10 as a mediator in the HPA axis and brain
E M Smith1, P Cadet, G B Stefano
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0431, USA. esmith@utmb.edu
Journal of Neuroimmunology
|March 1, 2000
Summary
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is produced in the brain and enhances the production of stress hormones. This cytokine plays a key role in regulating the neuroendocrine system and may impact central nervous system disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neuroendocrinology
- Immunology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mediate interactions between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems.
- Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a key modulator of these pro-inflammatory cytokines with diverse immune functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the production and actions of IL-10 within the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
- To explore IL-10's role as a neuroendocrine regulator and its implications in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing studies on IL-10 production and function in neural tissues.
- Analysis of IL-10's effects on corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and corticotropin (ACTH) production.
- Examination of IL-10's influence on glucocorticosteroid regulation in the HPA axis.
Main Results:
- IL-10 is produced not only by lymphocytes but also in pituitary, hypothalamic, and neural tissues.
- IL-10 enhances the production of CRF and ACTH in the respective hypothalamic and pituitary tissues.
- Endogenous IL-10 can regulate glucocorticosteroid production, both tonically and in response to stressors.
Conclusions:
- IL-10 is an important endogenous regulator of HPA axis activity.
- IL-10's neuroendocrine actions highlight its role in immune and neuroendocrine system communication.
- IL-10 may be implicated in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders like multiple sclerosis.