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Current scenario of malaria in India
1Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India. vps@icmrmrc.ren.nic.in
Parassitologia
|March 4, 2000
Summary
India faces 2.5-3 million malaria cases annually, with challenges like drug resistance and vector behavior hindering the National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP). An enhanced project targets high-risk populations.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Tropical Medicine
- Vector-Borne Diseases
Background:
- India reports 2.5-3 million malaria cases and approximately 1,000 deaths yearly.
- Malaria transmission patterns vary, being stable in the northeast and unstable in peninsular India.
- Key vectors include Anopheles culicifacies (rural) and Anopheles stephensi (urban), with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum as dominant species.
Purpose of the Study:
- To address the persistent challenges faced by the National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP) in controlling malaria.
- To highlight the impact of environmental changes and development on malaria epidemiology.
- To introduce a new World Bank-assisted project aimed at enhancing malaria control efforts.
Main Methods:
- The study reviews existing data on malaria cases, vector behavior, and parasite prevalence in India.
- It analyzes factors impeding current malaria control operations, such as vector and drug resistance.
- The implementation of a new enhanced malaria control project is described.
Main Results:
- Malaria control is hampered by vector resistance, exophilic behavior, drug resistance, operational issues, and resource limitations.
- Environmental changes associated with green revolution, industrial growth, and urban development have led to man-made malaria.
- A World Bank-assisted project has been launched to protect 62.2 million people in high-risk states.
Conclusions:
- Malaria control in India requires addressing complex challenges including resistance and environmental shifts.
- The enhanced malaria control project represents a significant step towards mitigating malaria burden in vulnerable populations.
- Continued investment and strategic interventions are crucial for effective malaria eradication.
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